Firebrand Theology Seminar

I don’t get the opportunity these days to do much deep consideration of theology, so when I learned that the Firebrand Theology Seminar would focus on the work of Billy Abraham this summer it was too good to pass up.

I think I first met Billy sometime in the 1980s. I don’t remember when it was exactly – it could have been while I was at Asbury Seminary, at a Texas Conference event, a special theology meeting, or a Good News Convo. Later (in the 90s) when I was doing my doctoral work, Billy was the external reader of my dissertation. His doing that – and the conversations we had over it – were a blessing to me. In the past 25 years I was able to reconnect with him mostly at Wesleyan Theological Society meetings. I was in the audience as one of many cheering him on when he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at Seattle Pacific University.

The seminar gave me the opportunity to review Billy’s works that I’d read over the decades – and to read some I’d missed. Of all his works, Crossing the Threshold of Divine Revelation may be my favorite. His recent four volume work, Divine Agency and Divine Action runs a close second. The basic idea of both – the claim that God is living and active (an agent) in our world – is essential to my own theology and practice of ministry.

It was also nice to get to see some old friends and to make new ones. Though more participated online than in person, I was able to meet many people that I’ve engaged with online.

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Study of Reversed Thunder

We’re doing a study of Eugene Peterson’s book on Revelation, Reversed Thunder. Below you can find the audio of our meetings:

  • Week 1
  • Week 2
  • Week 3
  • Week 4
  • Week 5
  • Week 6
  • Week 7
  • Week 8
  • Week 9
  • Week 10
  • Week 11
  • Week 12
  • Week 13
  • Week 14
  • Week 15 (This week featured questions about some of the features of the “end times” that figure into dispensationalist teaching on the subject. I noted that when I was a brand new Christian I was very much into this approach to eschatology – in fact I was so much into it that I took it to be the most important part of theology. Books I read in that period included The Late, Great Planet Earth by Hal Lindsey and Things to Come by J. Dwight Pentecost. Some of the things that led me away from that approach to eschatology were reading the Bible for myself (and not finding neither the intricate mapping nor the fixation on end times that I had found in dispensationalist preachers and scholars) and growth in knowledge of Christian history. I heard American Bible teachers whose teaching on the end times sounded entirely America centric: persecution was coming to America, the antiChrist was coming, we see all the signs in our country. God will surely save his saints from the coming tribulation we see in America. But my knowledge of world Christian history led me to ask about believers around the world from millennia past. Why did God not rapture them when tribulation came for them? Does God reckon the Christians of my country so much more important than all those others that he would rapture us at the barest hint of hardship? Some of the books that I find more useful these days for understanding eschatology include Surprised by Hope by NT Wright, and A New Heaven and a New Earth by J. Richard Middleton. Recently Daniel Hummel has written The Rise and Fall of Dispensationalism on the history of that movement in the American church. If you’re interested, you can find links to interviews with Hummel and links about the book HERE.
  • Week 16

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What about “the Women?”

In their recent meeting, a large denomination spoke authoritatively against the practice of women serving as pastors or leaders in churches if that role put them in a place where they taught men or “directed” men. They do this with the aim of being biblical. I like being biblical, though my way of being biblical leads me to a different place than where they came down. I’ve taught on the question before (HERE and HERE) and plan to do so again in the next few months. In the meantime, I thought it would be worth sharing some resources while the topic has people’s attention.

Our Methodist tradition has wavered in its acceptance of women as leaders in church. In the first generation Wesley counted a few women as leaders, though none were considered as central to the leadership of the movement as men. Women were important in early American Methodism, but it took many years (well over a century) to see the first ordained. Other churches in the Wesleyan tradition – the Nazarenes and Salvation Army were much quicker to bring women into leadership. One of the features that brought about the founding of the Salvation Army was Methodist preacher William Booth not keeping his wife Catherine quiet and “in her place.”

The Global Methodist Church (as does the United Methodist Church, the Free Methodist Church and the Wesleyan Church) ordains women to ministry and does not differentiate between the callings and ministry of men and women. Unfortunately, our practice is rarely as good as our theory.

But what about the Bible? Are there biblical reasons to affirm “women in ministry?” Here are a couple videos from Ben Witherington, longtime professor of New Testament at Asbury Seminary, on the subject. If you want more in depth research his books (among others) are a good starting place.

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Why Churches Are Infatuated with Metrics

Another pastor asked me today why the church loves “measurability” so much. The question got me to thinking. My first thought turned to Jerry Muller’s book, The Tyranny of Metrics. (If you like other formats, you can listen to Russ Roberts’ interview with Muller on Econtalk.) I had other thoughts as well:

A few thoughts on why we love metrics:

  1. Metrics are used to measure or number things. That’s a biblical practice even before the Book of NUMBERS.
  2. Church is, among other things, a teleological phenomenon. We have a calling that we can engage with more or less poorly. When we wonder how well we’re doing, we measure.
  3. We are in an age that loves to talk about accountability. Some of this is driven by our strong sense of having a mission to accomplish. Too often unacknowledged is the fact that we’re cheap and want to know if we’re “getting our money’s worth.”
  4. We assume measurement leads to knowledge and our modern commitment to the centrality of epistemology entices us toward over reliance on metrics.
  5. Metrics have the veneer of objectivity, so in a disputatious age we can take them to be something we won’t fight over.
  6. Like the joke about the drunk guy looking for his wallet where the light is (rather than where he lost them), they seem ready to hand when more important things are not.
  7. We feel like numbers are something under our control, something we can engineer. If they are, then we can be held accountable for them and appropriately rewarded (if they’re good) or punished (if it’s someone else we’re holding accountable or need to feel some guilt).
  8. We lack a clear sense of what church is for, so the numbers (dollars and people present) are a ready substitute.

What are some other reasons you think of?

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Spiritual Warfare – Our Armament

If, as we saw last week, our “warfare” is for people, not against people, how can we understand the military images Paul uses to describe the Armor of God?

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Confirmation Class Syllabus

I’m developing content for our confirmation class. Here’s a draft of the syllabus. Any opinions?

Confirmation Class Syllabus

Purpose of the Class: Students will learn the basic content of the Christian faith and our Methodist tradition, learn how to practice common Christian disciplines, and have an opportunity to make an informed commitment to Christ and the Church. Students will learn how to discern and take the next step in their relationship with Jesus.

Structure of the Class: Our work will take place primarily in three places:

  • In dedicated meetings of the group where we will learn about the Bible, study the Catechism, develop basic skills in Christian disciplines, and talk about work done outside of class.
  • Sunday morning in worship. We will not only attend worship, pay attention to what’s happening, and be involved, but we will also reflect on what happens. We’ll look for the work of God in our lives in that context.
  • In conversations and study through the week. Students will read the Bible, and converse with parents and mentors.

Course Materials:

  • Bible: Each student should have a Bible of their own. As to which translation, the best thing is a translation they understand better than others.
  • Handouts: These will be provided in class. They include reading material and worksheets.
  • Hymnal: We will use hymnals onsite at church.

The Work:

  • Learn to read the Bible by reading the Gospel of John. There will be an observation & interaction form for each chapter. This is a great activity to do with parents or the family as a whole.
  • Interviews with Church Members. Each student will have the opportunity to interview a few members of the church about their experience with Christ, the church, and their practice of the faith. Interview forms will be included in course materials, but students will profit by letting their conversations go beyond the suggested questions.
  • Meetings with Mentors: Each student will have at least one mentor. One of the things the mentor will do is work with the students as they complete their worship observation reports.
  • The Catechism: The Catechism of the Global Methodist Church will provide the main content of what we cover in class meetings. It is an overview of the basic doctrine and beliefs of the church. The Catechism is based on scripture and approached through the lenses of the Nicene Creed, the Articles of Religion, and the Confession of Faith.

The Role of Parents:

  • Most of the confirmation students will not be able to make it to class or even to church if their parents do not bring them. Your commitment to facilitate their involvement is necessary.
  • You are the most important influence on the life of your student. The way you practice your faith and live out your commitment to Christ and the Church will likely be the most powerful force attracting them to Christ and the Church.
  • Encourage your student. Let them know that you’re praying for them to experience God through the process. Take time to pray with them as well. Let them become a part of your own prayer life so they can see what prayer looks like in the life of a believer.
  • Offer to help them with their work, especially the Bible reading. Help them, but don’t do their work for them. As you read scripture together, let your student see you engaging with the text and taking it seriously for your own life.
  • Look beyond your immediate family. If you have extended family in the church, draw them into your conversations. Let them bear part of the burden of witnessing what love for Jesus looks like. Partner also with friends in the church – other parents with students in the confirmation class might be a first choice.

Additional Comments:

  • We don’t expect students to know or understand everything after this course. The pastor not only has over 35 years of ministry experience, but also a PhD in theology – and he’s still learning and seeking to grow in Christ. The students’ growth in knowledge, understanding, and skill will be real, but not exhaustive. Life in Christ is a huge adventure, and they’re just starting out.
  • We’re praying for a powerful move of God in the lives of each person involved in the course. If all we do is have classes, do work, and then by means of a ritual in church have students’ names added to the membership roll, we will be falling short. Jesus called his disciples saying, “Come, follow me!” As disciples we seek to become apprentices of Jesus and his way of living.
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Spiritual Warfare – Our Enemy

Spiritual Warfare has been a popular topic in some segments of American Christianity. In the age of Christendom we were prone to take the “warfare” aspect too literally. Though many instances of “killing people for Jesus” come to mind, just yesterday I ran across a story Benvenuto Cellini told about killing an enemy in the presence of the Pope. Cellini describes what happened next:

Upon my bended knees I then besought him to give me the pardon of his blessing for that homicide; and for all the others I had committed in the castle in the service of the Church. Thereat the Pope, raising his hand, and making a large open sign of the cross upon my face, told me that he blessed me, and that he gave me pardon for all murders I had ever perpetrated, or should ever perpetrate, in the service of the Apostolic Church.

This demonstrates profound misunderstanding of the gospel. If we think Spiritual Warfare is normal warfare done for the sake of the gospel, the church, or some spiritual end, we’re missing Jesus entirely. In the first message in a series on the subject, I explain that our enemies are not people. Like Jesus, our warfare is for people, not against them. In Ephesians 6:12 Paul writes, “Our struggle is not against flesh and blood” – that means people – “but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms.” As put so well in Stuart Townend’s song O Church, Arise, we are “an army bold, whose battle-cry is Love” – not “kill them!” – “reaching out to those in darkness.”

In the message I conclude with an encouragement for us to pray two things. First, we pray for God to break our hearts for people – even those we (or they themselves) cast as our enemies. We see that kind of love when Jesus on the cross said, “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.” For some people it may take the supernatural work of God for us to love them. But God likes answering that kind of prayer. Second, we pray for God to make us the kind of people who can faithfully and clearly represent his love to the people around us. That will frequently mean repentance and change on our part.

In upcoming weeks we’ll continue to investigate Spiritual Warfare. Next week we turn to examination of our “armament,” or as Charles Wesley put it in his hymn Soldiers of Christ, Arise, the “panoply of God.”

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GMC Catechism Class

Since our congregation has recently transitioned to the Global Methodist Church, I thought it would be a good idea to look at the basic doctrine of the denomination. The class uses the GMC Catechism which is based on the Nicene Creed and foundational documents of Methodism (the Articles of Religion and Confession of Faith). By starting with these documents the GMC is emphasizing its doctrinal unity with the broad ecumenical consensus, the Anglican tradition within the Protestant tradition, and the Wesleyan movement.

Here are the documents and links so far (the class is in progress, so this post will be updated until we’re finished):

  • The “Book” – The GMC Catechism plus basic documents from the Transitional Book of Doctrines and Discipline

Notes from Class 1

Notes from Class 2

Notes from Class 3

Notes from Class 4

Notes from Class 5

Notes from Class 6

Notes from Class 7

Notes from Class 8

Notes from Class 9

Notes from Class 10

Notes from Class 11

Notes from Class 12

Notes from Class 13

Notes from Class 14

Notes from Class 15

Notes from Class 16

Audio files:

Class 1

Class 2

Class 3

Class 4

Class 5

Class 6

Class 7

Class 8

Class 9

Class 10

Class 11

Class 12

Class 13

Class 14

Class 15

Class 16

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Deepening Accountability

One of the ways to look at the genesis of the Global Methodist Church is as embodying a desired “return to accountability.” Some hear this and think, “Now we will have bishops and leaders who are accountable and not just doing their own thing.” It is true that the GMC is based on a different practice of accountability. What might be easy to miss is that the change is for the whole church, not just for leaders.

At the beginning of the Methodist movement, accountability was at the very center. This accountability was not a legalistic “Keep the rules or you’re out,” but a mutual accountability of disciple to disciple as they sought to follow Jesus together and to live as his people. The seriousness that drove the accountability was not a detailed rule book (as some might conceive a document called a “Book of Discipline,” but an apprehension of the love of God in Christ wherein we know ourselves to have been sought out by the Father and “transferred from the dominion of darkness into the Kingdom of the Son He loves.” We take our commitment and mutual accountability seriously because Jesus gave himself for us and has called us to a ministry that matters.

There are two things that have hindered this kind of accountability. First, there’s our low estimate of what’s possible. If we are pessimistic about the power of God that’s available to us, it will be only natural for us to think that transformation into the image of Jesus and real empowerment by the Holy Spirit just aren’t possible. We can get our sins forgiven and can probably also be nice people most of the time. But the idea that what Jesus said (things like “You shall receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you,” or, “Whoever believes in me will do what I have been doing”) could be true of us, well, that’s a stretch. For generations we’ve settled for being busy at church, or if that’s too much, having semi-regular devotional thoughts.

The second thing that’s worked against our taking up traditional Methodist accountability has been a conviction that there are two kinds of people: Professional Christians and Regular Christians. We’ve wrongly imagined Jesus’ claims (like Acts 1:8 & John 14:12) are true only for the Professionals. Those who are mere Regular Christians should sit back and offer “support” to the Professionals.

Jesus’ Great Commission says, “All authority in heaven and earth has been given to me. Therefore, go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, teaching them TO OBEY everything I have commanded you.” Did you catch that – “Teaching them TO OBEY everything I have commanded you?” For too long we’ve imagined this command – and the form of Matthew 28:19-20 is a COMMAND – to be only for the Twelve, the Apostles, and Professionals like them. When we read it that way, we are MISreading it. If the recipients of this command OBEY it, they will be teaching disciples (not the Elite, but all disciples) “to obey everything” Jesus commanded – including this very command. Our accountability on all levels is to Jesus and this mission He’s given us.

Jesus sent the first disciples – just as he sends us – into a world where people desperately need the abundant life he brought through his life, death, and resurrection. In this new year Jesus is calling his people to seek a fresh filling of the Spirit so we can take up the calling he’s given us. We’re accountable to Jesus and to each other because this mission matters. When we live out our life together through our prayers, presence, gifts, service, and witness, God will make an eternal difference in the lives of people.

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Wrath, Judgment, and Love

John Wesley said that the only requirement to join the Methodist Societies – the movement was not yet a “church” at that time – was a “desire to flee from the wrath to come, and to be saved from their sins.” Our problem isn’t that people today lack a desire to be “saved from their sins.” Most church people readily admit to wanting to be saved. It’s the other part of Wesley’s criteria that causes us to pause. Modern Methodists are not excited to believe there is such a thing as “the wrath to come,” let alone that we should desire to “flee” from it. We have a long habit of saying “God is love” – which is, of course, a thoroughly biblical and Wesleyan thing to say – and assuming that because God is love, there can be no such thing as wrath. If God is love, we think, why would God ever be angry? It’s those other people who are consumed with belief in an angry God who delights in judging people and throwing them in hell. Those other people will believe that the angry God toys with sinners in his hands, torturing them, seeking to destroy them. Because those other people reject the truth of God’s love, they hold on to an angry, spiteful God who is on the lookout to catch anyone anywhere who might be having just a small bit of harmless pleasure.

I want to be biblical in my thinking, preaching, and way of living. I also value our Wesleyan heritage. I am thus constrained to reject both an account of God as angry and vindictive, only loving the select few, AND an account of God as defined by a sort of love that is never bothered by sin or evil but is only relentlessly nice and harmless.

When I read scripture, I cannot dismiss the reality of wrath and judgment. The message is clear that we will all come before God’s judgment seat. The message is clear that God’s anger is exercised toward those who fail to obey the Great Commandment – to love God with all our heart, soul, mind, and strength, and to love our neighbor as ourselves. Can we see the evil in the world, whether now or throughout history, and imagine God is happy with it all? I know I am a sinner, deserving of judgment. I know my sin hurts people and dishonors God. I need God’s forgiveness and deliverance. I also see that God’s judgment begins with his own people, so my being a Methodist, my being a Christian, means I am more susceptible to God’s judgment than other people.

When I read scripture, I also cannot dismiss the reality and depth of God’s love. In both the Old and New Testaments, we see God’s love displayed. We see God’s love for his people, Israel. We see God’s plan for his people to be the means by which all nations would be reconciled to him and experience life. We see the cry of God’s broken heart for rebellious sinners in places like Ezekiel 33:11. And we see Jesus. We see Jesus, the Word become flesh, God become one of us. Jesus put himself in our place, not as an invincible, invulnerable, Superman, but as one who would take our sin upon himself and die for us. Paul tells us that God demonstrated his love – there’s that word! – God demonstrated his love for us in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. He invites us to receive this gift of love and life. His love will not compel us to receive this gift, but his love will relentlessly pursue us, seeking our response to the redemption he offers in Christ.

God has given us the awesome gift of Jesus that we might have life. That we will face judgment is a certainty. It is also a certainty that if we had to stand in the judgment alone, we could not stand. The greater certainty, however, is that the Bible says that Jesus stands with us as an advocate who speaks in our defense. Because we belong to Jesus, we approach the throne of God not with terror, but with joy and confidence, knowing there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ.

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